Why Do Cats Roll Over Into Their Backs But Not Let You Touch Their Bellies?
It’s common knowledge dogs love to have their tummies rubbed when they freely lay down before you and roll onto their backs. But, if you’re also familiar with cats, you know that when they roll onto their backs with their bellies exposed, rubbing the belly will most likely result in bleeding. So why do they do this? advertisement An expression of trust Cat behaviorists will likely answer that it’s a sign of trust when cats roll over and expose their bellies. That is true, indeed. But is it also a request to rub their bellies? The fact that your cat
Latest Articles
White Cat Genetics
In Corpus Christi, Texas, there’s a special cat shelter called The Cattery, offering a compassionate alternative to traditional animal shelters. It’s a no-kill, cage-free haven for cats in need, including those who are homeless, abused, or abandoned. The Cattery’s main mission is to find permanent, loving homes for its feline residents. They also actively participate in community outreach to educate the public about animal welfare, the challenges of pet overpopulation, and the joys of building human-animal connections. Even better, they have a fantastic TikTok channel that shares fun cat facts, like this one about the unique genetics of white cats! White Cat Genes “All cats are black or orange. All cats are tabbies. But what about white cats? Neat cat facts. A lot of you had questions about your white cats. And yes, even your white cat is black or orange and tabby. Aren’t genetics fun? Black and orange genetics are carried on the X chromosome, which is why every cat is black or orange. Every cat carries at least One X chromosome. A white cat’s white coloring comes from an entirely different genetic, the KIT gene KIT, which can carry the whitephenotype. W and W can be expressed in two ways. Dominant white or white spotting. The W phenotype is autosomal dominant. Autosomal means it’s not connected to gender, and dominant means it can be passed down by only one parent. Cats only carry the wS phenotype, white spotting will just have white patterning in their coats, which is why some black cats are tuxedo cats or cow cats. What’s interesting about the DW phenotype though, is that its response. What’s interesting about the DW phenotype though, is that it’s responsible for more than just white coats. It can also affect your cat’s eye color and risk for deafness. Not every white cat is deaf, but the chances are increased that they have even just one copy of DW. A white cat with blue eyes is statistically more at risk of being deaf, but if your cat has only one blue eye, the ear on the same side as that eye is more at risk. And all white cats only make up 2 to 5% of cats, making this coat pattern kind of rare.”
Researchers Utilize Adorable Hats to Measure Cats’ Brainwaves
Photo credit: Science Direct No, that title is not a typo. In a novel approach to studying feline brain activity, researchers from the University of Montreal have designed a unique crochet beanie lined with electrodes to measure the brainwaves of cats. These darling hats provide a cute accessory for cat subjects and allow for the noninvasive conduct of EEG (electroencephalogram) brain scans without sedation. The findings from this research were published in the Journal of Neuroscience Methods. Why The Crocheted Cat Hat? The crocheted cat hat was created from a practical laboratory challenge. The researchers aimed to utilize EEG technology to identify brain signals in cats suffering from osteoarthritis. This chronic and painful condition affects approximately 25.6% of cats worldwide. However, the task required a method to attach the EEG electrodes securely to the cats’ noggins. At the same time, they remained in their normal, conscious states. Similarly, had proven difficult in previous studies where sedation was used. Cats Being Cats The research team encountered significant challenges when placing the electrodes on the cats’ heads. Cats are notorious for their aversion to wires, often swatting at them or shaking off any devices attached to them. Frustrated by the frequent need to replace the cables, the researchers sought inspiration from a YouTube tutorial on crocheting cat hats. With the assistance of graduate students and ample patience, they successfully crafted custom wool caps, embedding the electrodes inside so that the cats would not see them. This approach marks the first known instance of EEG recording in conscious cats. Cats’ Reactions to the Hats While the hats proved largely successful, not all cats immediately embraced their new headwear. The study involved 11 cats with osteoarthritis, comprising six females and one male. These cats were housed in a comfortable, dimly lit environment with perches, beds, and scratching posts. Despite the researchers’ efforts, one cat shook off the EEG hat, while another appeared to fall asleep during the experiment. Measuring Responses to Pain Treatments With the ability to non-invasively measure the brainwaves of the cats, the researchers proceeded to examine the cats’ responses to calming stimuli, such as blue and green lights and grapefruit scents. Although it remains unclear whether these stimuli effectively reduce pain in cats, however, the experiment is considered a significant step in demonstrating the feasibility of using EEG technology on awake and alert cats. The researchers emphasized that this study opens new avenues for investigating feline chronic pain and the potential modulation of such pain through sensory interventions. As this research progresses, it may pave the way for improved treatments and understanding of cat pain management.
Fetching Instinct in Cats
Many pet owners are familiar with the classic game of fetch, often associated with dogs. However, recent research has shown that cats can also enjoy this playful fetching activity! The Study Contrary to the common perception that cats are aloof and uninterested in interactive play, studies have demonstrated that over 40% of cats engage in fetching. This behavior is not just a quirk but deeply rooted in their hunting instincts. Like dogs, cats are predators, and their play often mimics their actions when hunting prey. A recent study examined the behaviors of 924 cat owners, finding that over 40% of cats were prone to retrieving various objects, ranging from toys to everyday household items. Interestingly, most of these cats did not require training to engage in fetching; they exhibited this behavior spontaneously. Cats preferred initiating the game by bringing the toy to their human companions rather than waiting for it to be thrown. The Comparison with Dogs While cats can exhibit fetching behavior, dogs have long been recognized for their enthusiasm for this game. Many dog breeds have been developed specifically for hunting and retrieving, which explains their strong inclination toward fetching. A comparative study found that nearly 78% of dogs surveyed reportedly engaged in fetching activities. This study also indicated that male animals of both species were more likely to fetch, while older pets or those with health issues were less inclined to participate. Interestingly, sharing a home with a dog decreased the likelihood of a cat engaging in fetching. Behavioral Insights The motivations behind fetching in both cats and dogs can be traced back to their predatory behaviors. Cats, as stalk-and-pounce hunters, naturally exhibit behaviors that mimic capturing prey. On the other hand, dogs are pursuit predators, known for chasing and retrieving. Breeds specifically trained for retrieving have adapted their instincts to excel in fetching. The research also highlighted certain breed tendencies. For dogs, breeds such as Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers were most likely to fetch due to their high trainability and playfulness. In the case of cats, breeds like the Siamese, Tonkinese, and Bengal exhibited the highest propensity for fetching. The Role of the Human Bond Interestingly, human involvement plays a crucial role. If there is a strong bond between the human and the pet, the likelihood of fetching activities increases. Yet another piece of evidence favoring cats isn’t all jerks, just discerning creatures. This study certainly underscores the importance of nurturing your human-animal bond and providing an enriched environment that allows pets to explore their natural instincts. Because what is cuter than watching a cat play fetch? That’s right. Nothing.
The Real Reason Why Your Cat Wakes You Up Early
If you live with a cat, you know exactly what we’re talking about here. It could range from an early morning loud purr or walking across your belly when you’re deep asleep. While we’ve all experienced cats getting the zoomies at 3 am, have you ever wondered why your cat seems to be especially affectionate in the morning? If you thought they were only motivated by you being their walking cat food opener, you’d be wrong. Instincts and Natural Behavior Cats are unique in their sleep patterns compared to humans. Unlike people who often have deep and prolonged sleep cycles, cats are light sleepers. This heightened alertness is a survival mechanism inherited from their wild ancestors. Because they are mesopredators and not apex predators like humans, cats needed to remain vigilant to detect not only potential threats from predators but also to seize opportunities for hunting. Even though domestic cats are not actively hunting for survival, these instincts remain ingrained in their behavior. When you are sleeping deeply, your cat may be concerned about your well-being. To a cat, you are not just a pet owner but also a large, quirky companion that it cares for. It’s why they’re always bringing ‘gifts’ such as dead mice or birds. Cats think we’re big, stupid kittens who can’t hunt for ourselves. So when we wake up from our deep sleep, our cats are just relieved we weren’t dead after witnessing us being (to them) uncannily still and unresponsive. The Dawn Patrol Cats are crepuscular animals, meaning they are most active during the dawn and dusk hours. In the wild, dawn provides the perfect light conditions for hunting small prey, which would have been a crucial time for survival. Although your cat’s hunting days are over, its internal clock still prompts it to be active during these hours, thus the 3 am zoomies. When your cat wakes you up early, it may try to adhere to its natural schedule. By stirring you awake at dawn, your cat aligns its activity with instinctual patterns, including checking for potential threats and opportunities. The Importance of Routine Cats are creatures of habit and thrive on routine. Regular schedules provide a sense of security and predictability in their lives. Your cat’s early morning wake-up call may be part of its way of maintaining order and structure in its day. By waking you up at a consistent time, your cat reinforces its sense of routine and ensures that it can start the day according to its internal clock. So, the next time your cat nudges you awake at the crack of dawn, remember that it’s not just about getting fed. The truth is much more adorable: your cat is celebrating you still being alive!
Domestication Has Shrunk House Cats’ Brains (Sorry Kitties)
Surprisingly or not surprisingly, if you have an orange cat, recent research indicates that house cats have experienced a notable reduction in brain size over the past 10,000 years, thanks to human influence. This reduction has been linked to the long-term effects of domestication, according to a study published on January 26 in the journal Royal Society Open Science. The Study’s Findings Researchers conducted a detailed analysis comparing the cranial measurements—indicative of brain size—of modern house cats with those of their wild ancestors: the African wildcat (Felis lybica) and the European wildcat (Felis silvestris). The study found that the skulls, and consequently the brains, of domesticated cats have diminished significantly over the millennia compared to their wild relatives. This decrease in brain size doesn’t necessarily imply reduced intelligence in domestic cats. Instead, it reflects the broader effects of domestication. The researchers hypothesize that the focus on selecting for tameness during domestication inadvertently altered the development of cats’ brains. The Role of Neural Crest Cells The study suggests that changes in brain size might be linked to the development of neural crest cells—special cells crucial for the nervous system’s development. During domestication, selection for tameness might have led to a reduction in the migration and proliferation of these cells. This alteration could contribute to reduced excitability and fear in domestic cats, as well as changes in morphology, stress response, and brain size. Updating Older Research The new research revisits and refines findings from the 1960s and 1970s, which documented decreased brain size in domestic cats compared to wild ones. While these earlier studies primarily compared domestic cats with the European wildcat, recent genetic research has confirmed that the African wildcat is the closest living ancestor of today’s domestic cats. The study corroborates the earlier findings, showing a significant 25% reduction in cranial size in domestic cats compared to African and European wildcats. Hybrid species—cats that are a mix of wild and domestic lineage—showed intermediate cranial measurements between the two groups. Implications and Concerns The research underscores the profound impact of domestication on the evolution of cats, aligning with similar observations in other domesticated animals such as sheep, rabbits, and dogs. It highlights how selective breeding and human influence have shaped the physical and neurological traits of domestic animals. Furthermore, the study raises concerns about the potential threats of hybridization between domestic and wild cats to wild populations. Understanding these changes provides insight into the broader effects of domestication and emphasizes the need to consider its impact on both domestic and wild species. Brain size = smarts? As researchers study more broadly animals with smaller brains, such as ravens and giraffes, but have capabilities we humans would consider “smart,” we’re learning it’s not so simple. The bottom line is our feline companions have been adapted over time to be the best little baby they can be. And we love that for them.
Can Cats Get Fevers?
Cats can develop fevers, often a natural part of their immune response. The typical body temperature for a cat ranges from 100 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit (37.7 to 39.2 degrees Celsius). A fever is indicated when a cat’s temperature rises above 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. An elevated temperature usually signals that the cat’s immune system is actively fighting off an infection or other health issues. When a cat is unwell, its immune system sends signals to the brain to raise the body’s internal temperature. This increase, known as a fever, helps to activate immune cells and can damage harmful infectious cells. It’s essential to differentiate fever from hyperthermia, which occurs when the body overheats due to external heat sources or overexertion. Hyperthermia can lead to dangerously high body temperatures, reaching 106 degrees Fahrenheit or more. Unlike dogs, cats typically do not engage in excessive physical activity that could lead to overheating, but leaving a cat in a hot car can put them at risk of hyperthermia. Causes of Fevers in Cats Cat fever can be triggered by various factors, often related to underlying conditions. Common causes include: Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Inflammation: Related to various health issues. Trauma: Injuries or wounds. Cancer: Certain types of tumors. Vaccine Response: Temporary fever post-vaccination. Immune-Mediated Diseases: Conditions where the immune system attacks the body. Certain Medications: Reactions to specific drugs Parasitic Diseases: Infestations or infections. Fever of Unknown Origin: Sometimes the cause is not immediately apparent. Symptoms of Fevers in Cats Cats are known for hiding their discomfort, but attentive cat owners may notice subtle signs. Symptoms of fever in cats can be varied and include: Lethargy Loss of appetite Shivering Hiding or withdrawing Reluctance to move Stiff or altered gait Decreased grooming Rapid breathing How to Take a Cat’s Temperature Relying on a cat’s ear temperature is unreliable for detecting a fever. The most accurate way to determine if a cat has a fever is to take a rectal temperature using a digital thermometer. If the thought of taking your cat’s temperature rectally is daunting, there are alternative methods, though they are generally less reliable: Axillary Temperature: Measured in the armpit, it is usually about one degree Fahrenheit lower than the actual body temperature. Ear Thermometers: Veterinary-specific models can provide helpful trend data, though they are less accurate than rectal measurements. Non-Contact Infrared Thermometers: These are not recommended for cats, as studies have shown their results to be unreliable. Caring for a Cat with a Fever If your cat has a fever, providing extra care can aid in their recovery: Hydration: Ensure your cat has access to plenty of fresh water to prevent dehydration. Nutrition: Monitor your cat’s food intake and encourage eating. Offer canned food if your cat is reluctant to eat dry kibble. Consult your vet if your cat refuses food entirely. Follow Vet Instructions: Adhere to your veterinarian’s treatment plan. Administer medications as prescribed, and consult the vet if you have trouble. Avoid OTC Medications: Do not give
What is Single Kitten Syndrome?
Many rescue organizations have a firm policy against placing single kittens alone regarding adoption. This policy stems from what is known as Single Kitten Syndrome. A condition in which kittens raised in isolation or adopted without a companion can face various behavioral and emotional challenges. Single Kitten Syndrome refers to the difficulties that young kittens may experience when they are raised in isolation from other kittens and then placed in a home as a sole pet. Kittens thrive on social interaction with their peers, learning crucial social skills and behaviors through play and companionship. Without other kittens, a lone kitten might develop behavioral issues such as aggression, anxiety, and stress. Including inappropriate behaviors like chewing or scratching objects or misusing the litter box. The Importance of Social Interaction Kittens are inherently social animals, and their early interactions with other cats play a vital role in their development. Through play, kittens learn essential lessons about biting and scratching, understanding that such actions can cause pain. They also engage in bonding behaviors like grooming and snuggling with their peers. Without these experiences, a solitary kitten might direct its playful energy toward inappropriate targets, such as human hands or furniture. In foster care environments, whether related or not, kittens are often raised with other kittens. This socialization helps them develop into well-adjusted and friendly adults. Therefore, when we find homes for our kittens, we prefer to place them in pairs, if possible, or in homes with other cats to provide the necessary companionship. Exceptions and Adoption Policies While some individual cases may vary, our adoption policies are designed with the kittens’ best interests in mind. We carefully evaluate each application to ensure that the home environment will meet the kitten’s social and emotional needs. For instance, kittens raised with other bottle-fed babies will not be placed alone. Their development and social skills are best supported by having a companion. We understand that this policy can sometimes lead to frustration or negative feedback from potential adopters. However, our commitment is to the welfare of the animals we care for, and we stand by our approach to ensure they have the best possible start in their new homes. Consider Adopting a Pair If you’re considering adopting a kitten, consider adopting a pair and having a fellow kitten to play with and snuggle up with. This can significantly affect their well-being and help them adjust quickly to their new environment. Additionally, by adopting two kittens, you’re supporting freeing up space in the shelter for more needy animals. If adopting a pair of kittens isn’t feasible, consider providing a loving home to one of the many wonderful older cats available for adoption. Older cats can make excellent solo pets, enjoying the undivided attention of their human companions and bringing a wealth of affection and companionship. Understanding Single Kitten Syndrome and considering these adoption tips can help ensure your new feline friend has a happy and healthy start in their forever home.
10 Fascinating Facts About Black Cats
Despite their enigmatic aura and historical associations with superstitions, black cats have much more to offer than just being subject to myths. From their roles in maritime history to their striking genetics, black cats are much more than the stereotypes that often surround them. Let’s delve into some intriguing facts highlighting why these feline beauties deserve a special place in our hearts. 1. A Diverse Range of Black Cat Breeds When we think of black cats, the image of a sleek, shiny feline often comes to mind. However, the Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA) recognizes 22 different breeds that can feature a solid coat. While the Bombay breed is typically associated with the iconic black cat look, other breeds like the Norwegian Forest Cat, Japanese Bobtail, and Scottish Fold can also sport this color. The Bombay was inspired by the elegant appearance of panthers, a vision brought to life in the 1950s by Nikki Horner. 2. Adoption Rates Contrary to the belief that black cats face difficulties finding homes, they are adopted at similar rates to cats of other colors. Although they have historically been euthanized at higher rates, the ASPCA’s data reveals that the number of black cat adoptions is also high. This might be because black cats are more prevalent in shelters, although the lingering myth of bad luck can sometimes make their adoption process longer. 3. Halloween and Black Cats You might expect black cat adoptions to spike around Halloween due to their spooky associations, but the opposite is often true. Concerns over the potential misuse of black cats around this time have led some shelters to restrict their adoption during October. This precaution ensures that they are not seen as mere Halloween props but as cherished pets. 4. The “Rusty” Black Cat Black cats sometimes appear to have a rusty or brownish tint, especially if exposed to excessive sunlight. This color change is due to the genetic interaction between the black fur gene and the tabby stripe gene. Nutritional deficiencies can also play a role in this phenomenon. What was once a sleek black coat can reveal hidden stripes under certain conditions. 5. Patterns on Black Cats and Panthers If you observe a black cat in sunlight, you might notice subtle patterns in their fur. This trait is shared with black panthers—melanistic jaguars or leopards. These big cats also have underlying patterns that become visible under the right light. This effect is due to an excess of melanin, which also affects the fur color of domestic cats. 6. Maritime History Historically, sailors have considered black cats to be good luck. They were welcomed aboard ships to help control mice populations and were believed to ensure a safe voyage. Tiddles, a famous ship cat, traveled over 30,000 miles with the Royal Navy and became a beloved figure among sailors. 7. Potential Disease Resistance Interestingly, the gene responsible for black fur in cats may offer more than just a striking appearance. It is related to genes that give humans
The Success of Banyule’s Free Cat Sterilization Program
Urban areas worldwide face challenges with free-roaming cats, often leading to nuisance complaints and significant strain on local animal management systems. In Victoria, Australia, the city of Banyule has pioneered a revolutionary approach to addressing this issue with impressive results. In 2013, Banyule implemented a comprehensive free cat sterilization program to reduce the population of stray and semi-owned cats. The Problem with Traditional Cat Management Traditional methods of managing stray and free-roaming cats have included trapping, adoption, and euthanasia. However, these approaches have proven largely ineffective in reducing the number of free-roaming cats and often result in high euthanasia rates. In many cases, healthy cats are euthanized, negatively affecting shelter staff and overall animal welfare. In Banyule, the challenge was exacerbated by ineffective legislation regarding cat containment and microchipping. The Banyule Program: Objectives and Implementation In response to these challenges, Banyule launched a free cat sterilization, microchipping, and registration program in 2013. The program initially targeted three low-socioeconomic suburbs with the highest rates of cat-related complaints. It provided free cat transportation and aimed to turn semi-owned strays into fully-owned pets by encouraging community members to take ownership of the cats they were feeding. The initiative included sterilization and microchipping, and its scope was gradually expanded city-wide. Over the eight years of the program, the sterilization rate averaged 4.1 cats per 1,000 residents in the target suburbs, with a cumulative total of 33 cats per 1,000 residents. Key Outcomes and Results The impact of the Banyule program was profound and multifaceted: Reduction in Cat Intake and Euthanasia: City-wide, impoundments of cats decreased by 66% over eight years. The number of impounded kittens under 12 weeks of age dropped by 75%. Euthanasia rates fell by an astonishing 82%, from 138 cats per year to 25 cats per year. The proportion of impounded cats reclaimed by their owners increased from 6% to 16%. Decrease in Cat-Related Complaints: Cat-related calls to the council decreased by 36% city-wide and by 51% in the target suburbs. This drop indicates a significant reduction in nuisance complaints and stray cat sightings. Financial Savings: The program resulted in substantial cost savings for the city. Estimated savings totaled AU $440,660, with reduced costs for cat-related calls and charges from the contracted welfare agency. The program’s outlay was AU $77,490, demonstrating its cost-effectiveness. Implications for Urban Cat Management The success of Banyule’s free cat sterilization program provides a compelling case for rethinking urban cat management strategies. By focusing on proactive measures such as targeted sterilization and community involvement, the program has demonstrated that it can significantly reduce cat populations and euthanasia rates while simultaneously saving costs. This approach contrasts sharply with traditional methods and offers a model for other cities facing similar challenges. The positive outcomes in Banyule underscore the importance of investing in preventive measures and community-driven solutions to address urban cat issues. The Banyule free cat sterilization program has set a new standard for urban cat management. Its success in reducing cat intake, lowering euthanasia rates, and generating substantial
Study Reveals Cats Show Signs of Mourning After Losing a Friend
The death of a pet can be an overwhelming experience for any owner. Still, recent research suggests that the emotional toll extends to the surviving animals in a household as well. A recent study has provided compelling evidence that cats exhibit significant signs of grief following the death of another pet in the same home. Study Overview and Methodology To understand how cats respond to the loss of a companion, researchers conducted a comprehensive survey involving 412 cat owners. These owners were asked to report on the immediate and long-term changes they observed in their surviving cats following the death of another pet. The study focused on various behavioral indicators, including changes in sleeping patterns, eating habits, social interactions, and overall demeanor. Behavioral Indicators of Grief in Cats The study found that many cats displayed key grief indicators after losing a fellow pet. These behaviors included alterations in sleeping patterns, such as increased or decreased sleep; changes in eating habits, including reduced appetite or changes in feeding routines; and shifts in social behavior, such as increased solitude or heightened attention-seeking. Additionally, cats were observed to spend more time hiding and exhibiting behaviors associated with stress and discomfort. One notable finding was that the extent of these grieving behaviors varied based on the relationship between the surviving cat and the deceased animal. Cats that had lived with the deceased pet for a more extended period exhibited more pronounced signs of mourning. This suggests that the depth of the bond between the pets plays a significant role in the grieving process. The Influence of the Owner’s Emotional Response The study also revealed that the owner’s emotional state influenced the surviving cat’s response to the loss. The researchers noted that the level of grief experienced by the owner seemed to correlate with the behavior of the surviving cat. This indicates that cats may reflect their caregivers’ emotional responses, further illustrating the interconnected nature of human-animal relationships. Challenging Stereotypes About Cats These findings challenge the stereotype of cats as aloof and emotionally distant animals. Historically, cats have been perceived as more independent and less emotionally expressive than dogs. However, the results of this study suggest that cats have a more complex emotional landscape than previously understood. The evidence of mourning behaviors in cats highlights their capacity for emotional depth and their ability to form meaningful bonds with other animals. The study’s results underscore the importance of recognizing and addressing the emotional needs of pets, particularly during times of loss. Understanding that cats can experience grief and exhibit mourning behaviors can help owners provide better support and comfort to their surviving pets. This may involve offering additional attention, maintaining a stable environment, and being attuned to the emotional needs of the grieving cat. The Broader Context of Animal Grief The research on feline grief aligns with similar findings in other species, such as dogs, which have also exhibited grief-like behaviors following the loss of a companion. This body of research contributes to a growing understanding
